Unearthing the Legacy of Black Pioneers in Hollywood: Insights from "Hollywood Black"
The groundbreaking documentary series "Hollywood Black," directed by Justin Simien, embarks on a powerful exploration of the impacts, hurdles, and triumphs faced by Black pioneers in Hollywood. The series’s debut episode delves into the earliest portrayals of Black individuals in media, tracing a journey from the foundation of minstrels to the trailblazing leaders determined to reshape the narrative.
The Essential Role of Blackness in Cinema
“Cinema is not really possible without Blackness. For starters, Black is literally the thing that all cinema fades in from and fades out to,” states Simien in the series. He reveals that from its inception, Hollywood has been captivated by Blackness, pointing out that Black individuals were not only prominent subjects in early motion pictures but also starred in the first blockbusters, animated films, and the inaugural talkies.
Simien further emphasizes, "Every time Hollywood seeks to reinvent itself or broaden its horizons, it tends to do so with Black bodies." This relationship raises crucial questions about control and benefit. Who dictates how these Black faces are represented, and who ultimately profits from this representation?
The Underbelly of Structural Racism in Hollywood
Structural racism is a deeply rooted issue in America, permeating all facets of society, including the entertainment industry. From the insensitive humor of blackface to the infamous birth of “The Birth of a Nation,” anti-Black narratives have been systematically intertwined in some of the most monumental films and television shows. "Hollywood Black" confronts these uncomfortable truths head-on.
Inspired by Donald Bogle’s extensive research, "Hollywood Black" premiered on MGM+ on August 11. Below are the six key takeaways from Episode 1: “Built On Our Backs,” which sets the stage for the series.
1. The Darkening Experience of Black Actors
The series opens with a spotlight on early Black entertainers, notably silent film star Bert Williams. Despite being Black, Williams was pressured to darken his skin for minstrel performances, portraying the painful compromises Black actors endured to appeal to predominantly white audiences. As one participant noted, “He’s taking cork and blackening his skin to be more palatable.”
2. The Controversial Reception of “The Birth of a Nation”
A pivotal moment in cinematic history, D.W. Griffith’s 1915 film “The Birth of a Nation” showcased the Klu Klux Klan as heroic figures. This racially charged portrayal, applauded by President Woodrow Wilson, became notorious for inciting violence against Black Americans during the Red Summer in 1919.
Simien articulates that the film served as a tool to instill fear, associating Black characters played by white actors with violence and chaos, while glorifying Klan efforts to restore societal order. This dark chapter remains a stark reminder of how media can shape societal perceptions.
3. Oscar Micheaux: The Pioneer of Black Independent Cinema
In response to the damaging narratives in “The Birth of a Nation,” filmmaker Oscar Micheaux emerged as a beacon of hope. He financed his movies by literally going door-to-door to seek donations, a remarkable testament to his determination and resourcefulness. Micheaux created over 40 independent films, striving to reshape Black representation in Hollywood.
4. Paul Robeson’s Groundbreaking Stance on Representation
Paul Robeson made waves as the first Black actor to secure a leading role in "The Emperor Jones." He demanded that no scenes be filmed below the Mason-Dixon line, emphasizing the significance of control over his portrayal. His fierce commitment to authenticity and representation ultimately cost him his career, as he faced the oppressive scrutiny of the House Un-American Activities Committee for his outspoken beliefs.
5. Hattie McDaniel’s Historic Oscar Win Amidst Segregation
The documentary further examines Hattie McDaniel’s historic victory as the first Black Oscar winner for her role in “Gone With the Wind.” However, her triumph was shadowed by segregation, as she was seated separately from her white co-stars during the ceremony, illustrating the ongoing struggle for respect and equality within the industry.
6. Lena Horne’s Bold Refusal to Play Stereotypical Roles
The episode concludes with the story of Lena Horne, who defied traditional Hollywood roles by insisting on a contract stipulation that prohibited her from playing maids or domestics. Horne’s bold move was met with backlash but ultimately reflected a larger desire for progress in Black representation. Her decision paved the way for further discussions about the casting process and the types of roles available to Black actors.
As "Hollywood Black" unfolds, it highlights the resilience and determination of Black individuals who challenged the status quo to create a more diverse and inclusive cinematic landscape. The stories of these pioneers underscore the profound impact of race and representation in the film industry, serving as a crucial reminder of the ongoing fight for equity.
The powerful narratives emerging from "Hollywood Black" not only celebrate Black achievements in cinema but also spark conversations about Hollywood’s complex history with race, urging audiences to critically assess the narratives they consume. As the series progresses, viewers can anticipate a deep dive into the journeys of Black filmmakers, actors, and creators, reshaping the future of film.