It may lead to neurodevelopmental problems in the child – such as ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and autism according to new research
It is the most common over-the-counter pill taken by pregnant women.Taking paracetamol in pregnancy can damage a baby’s development in the womb, according to new research.
Paracetamol may cause neurodevelopmental problems in the child, such as ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive disorder), and autism.
Scientists warn that there are other potential risks, such as a lower IQ or infertility.
Mothers-to-be should limit their use of the drug to the absolute minimum and for as short a time as possible.
A team of international researchers reviewed 26 years’ worth of studies on human, animal, and cell line cells.
Corresponding author Prof David Kristensen, of the University of Copenhagen, said: “Many suggest paracetamol can alter fetal development.”
It is the most common over-the-counter pill taken by pregnant women. It can be used to alleviate pain and fever in as many as two-thirds of the population.
But it disrupts hormones by working in a similar way to controversial chemicals called phthalates – used to make plastic soft and flexible.
Co-author Professor Shanna Swan, of Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, said: “It lowers testosterone. It should be regarded as an endocrine-disrupting chemical.”
The hormone is key to healthy male reproduction. A study showed that women who used paracetamol had a higher chance of having boys with undescended testes, which could increase the likelihood of future problems.
The NHS recommends that the drug be avoided during pregnancy and should not be used longer than necessary.
Anyone who requires long-term care must consult a doctor.
The NHS says the drug should be taken only if necessary in pregnancy.
The UK watchdog, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, says paracetamol is one of the few painkillers generally considered safe if expectant mothers need to take it.
Prof Swan said: “There is now a significant body of evidence that suggests paracetamol disrupts the reproductive development of animals and humans, decreasing sperm count and fertility.
“It is similar in action to a class of chemicals called phthalates – sharing many of the same properties.”
There is also evidence paracetamol reduces fertility in females, said Prof Swan.
It is considered the safest analgesic for pregnant women and children but mounting evidence has linked prenatal exposure to poorer cognitive performance and behavioral problems.
Co-author Dr. Ann Bauer, of the University of Massachusetts Lowell, said: “Paracetamol during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of neurodevelopmental disorders in the child.
“They were primarily ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, language delays, decreased IQ and conduct disorders.
“This is particularly concerning because a large number of pregnant women take paracetamol – up to 65 percent in the United States.
“Even a small increase in risk could translate into a large number of affected children.
“We ask for new safety assessments to be conducted by government agencies and gynecological groups regarding the neurological effects of paracetamol.”
In a consensus statement in Nature Reviews Endocrinology, the researcher’s women should be counseled early on in the pregnancy to forego paracetamol unless medically indicated.
Added Prof Kristensen: “Their doctors should inform women about the possible risks.
“They should use the lowest dose possible for the shortest time during their pregnancy.”